The literal meaning of this expression is ' said by the way.'
A judge's expression of opinion uttered in court or in a written judgement, but not essential to the decision and therefore legally binding as a precedent.
It covers within its ambit all that the judges have said while delivering a particular judgement. They just carry the force of persuasive preceding and do not bind the judges.
It can be passing comments, opinions or example, if a court dismisses a case due to lack of jurisdiction and offers opinions in merit of a case, then these opinions constitute Obiter Dicta.
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